Disgusted with Diet Doctor
The Swedish Diet Doc (does he have any patients?) has been on a roll of late, and it's reached a point where I just have to comment.
For starters, although it would be impossible for every bariatric doc or even a small minority of them to be real-life examples (in the been there, done that department) to be able to promote what has worked for them, at least one might expect that such a doctor wouldn't hold such disdain for them. When you think about it, medicine is one of those professions where the experts rarely have first-hand knowledge of the fields in which they are often doling out the most personal of advices. But if you don't like "fat people" then why are you making a living off of "treating" them and dissing them behind their backs (and to their faces)?
Diet Doc even has a label: Why Americans are Obese. Sounds OK though. Yeah, obese is the technical term. But here is one of the posts on that label: http://www.dietdoctor.com/why-americans-are-fat-part-2. Note that I didn't change the bare URL which belies the original title of the post, and many others, before someone informed the doc that calling people fat might be insulting and not appropriate for a person of his stature to be doing.
First of all, the general clientele on a cruise is not reflective of the American population as a whole ... no matter how "fat" we are. But secondly, Andreas was sitting there, on the low carb cruise, snapping pictures of "fat Americans" ... and he would then stand up in front of audiences of devout low carbers that are no less so. What does he think of them? What do they think of that?
Eenfeldt's solution to everything is to just eat a LCHF diet. It's the insulin stupid. Don't throw the baby out with the bathwater on Gary's working hypothesis. His blog is a never ending series of short quips when an American gets sick ... as with his "blogging" about Tom Hanks' diabetes diagnosis. If only Tom would just give up the carbs. More on diabetes in a bit.
Andreas triumphantly announced that a new Swedish study had concluded: A Low-Carb Diet Most Effective for Weight Loss. Why do I think the authors had him in mind when they fired back with: Nej, vi sa inte att LCHF alltid är bäst (No, we did not say LCHF is always best). {translated by Google}
Two of [mis]interpretations have , in our opinion occurred in the wake of the publication of the SBU report. One is that lågkolhydratkoster is by far better. Yes, during the first half of you go down faster in weight for advice on low carbohydrate diets. But after one and two years are no different than other dietary in people with obesity. Possibly this may be due to adherence to dietary advice abate over time. Compared with low-fat diets are low-carb diet some beneficial effects, albeit small, in some laboratory values. If this can be put into effect on morbidity and mortality, we do not know - lågkolhydratkostens long term safety is not yet investigated
The most important aspect is the food affects the risk of becoming ill or dying prematurely, but most studies are designed to investigate the weight loss for up to a year or two. However, there is evidence that intensive counseling about the Mediterranean diet for obese individuals reduces the risk of stroke, heart attack and cardiovascular mortality, compared with advice on low-fat diets. For other food types, such as low-carbohydrate diet (like Atkins or carb) or diet with low GI, no scientific evidence to determine whether they affect morbidity or mortality in people with obesity.
Somehow this update didn't make the blog.
- We have to learn that fat is not the enemy and that we ourselves have to change, says Ulf Rosenqvist.At the same time he underscores that there are no studies on how saturated fats affect us long term.- The safest bet so far, is the richer Mediterranean diet with oily fish, nuts and olive oil, where mortality rates are lower than in people who eat a low-fat Mediterranean diet.
This is NOT Atkins or any version of modern Paleo, most such diets are "rich" in these fats but not drenched in them, and include both grains and legumes. But, as you can see, Eenfeldt is a champ at cherry picking just the parts of studies or media reports that fit his agenda. Such as in this post where he states:
According to a recent study it seems to be good for type 2 diabetics to start the day with eggs and meat for breakfast. A high-carb breakfast produced worse results in many ways.
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdMtN_U-4fXplQWd2zSsaV12Rb9DxUTZ9DAJ_Am0XBsQw_GLNjL5pmuE66kGJKA21joEOLv-BerZPi3mBoD2sh0tJY-LpvpL22qVh9vzMvBhCNvowpJ7KXXrz9A_4PnGo4NYKnAnB3_4g/s320/Screenshot+-+10_14_2013+,+7_15_40+AM.png)
There are no details on the "balanced hypocaloric diet" consumed, but one can presume this is the standard 15% protein, 35% fat, 50% carb diet, and hypocaloric generally means 1500 cal/day for women, 1800 cal/day for men. So what did they compare? Well, shifting calories to the morning, 33% vs. 12.5% so a little more than 2.5X the cals and changing the macro makeup of the breakfast (rough averages of range, P/F/C) BB: 26/32/42, SB: 16/18/66. For the big breakfast this works out to approximations:
1500 cal/day: 500 cals, 30g protein, 17.5g fat, 50g carb
2000 cal/day: 650 cals, 40g protein, 25g fat, 70g carb
This is not just eggs and meat, or low carb, or a lot of butter to slather on your eggs. But let's see what they compared it to. The small breakfast would work out to:
1500 cal/day: 190 cals, 8g protein, 4g fat, 30g carb2000 cal/day: 250 cals, 10g protein, 5g fat, 40g carb
There is no indication of whether or not they balance out the macros later in the day, but come on!! The "high carb" breakfast is lower in carb than the big breakfast by almost half. I mean that's what, a slice of toast with a hard boiled egg and a spoon of jam? Or add an extra slice of toast and a schmear of butter for the 2000 cal-ers?
I may revisit this study if I can get a better/readable description, but it is hopelessly confounded in that they changed all three macros and calories so the results are of very limited value other than "future studies are needed". But this is an example of Eenfeldt using studies to push his agenda that don't really qualify when you look past the headline. Oh ... and I know English is not his first language, but "produced worse results" could imply it was harmful in some way and all results were either insignificant or improved so he should be careful (as well as calling the SB high carb being woefully misleading).
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgimgLN9VsIaEjQR1GW1a771nKlTTPG3WdTL9AM7H2FLNVsPN2bL_PNnCUOzEo8Daz8EAEhs6ZFAApEbyj_nsBmNBlVCSawIdZVrQIIp4C_XFAhYjA-HNJBVMNt5xwVNaI7iRVuLyXyTrM/s320/Screenshot+-+10_12_2013+,+3_11_27+PM.png)
Speaking of headlines, Diet Doc jumped on the publicity stunt bandwagon of Sam "Look Ma Carbs Made Me Grow Taller" Feltham. Most recently Sam gained more weight gorging on a carby junk diet than he did when he shoveled 3000 cal/day extra in nuts. Doc weighs in: Is Overeating Carbs Worse Than Overeating on an LCHF Diet? It's OK to overeat LCHF because you won't have to "pay" for your gluttony. Or is the correct interpretation that overeating LCHF is not to be derided because your body wastes the excesses and you won't gain as much weight. Or is there something just pious about advocating LCHF. Yeah, that's it.
A calorie is not a calorie. This has already been proven in study after study, but Feltham provides us with a nice real world illustration.
Yeah, because all of those metabolic ward studies that demonstrate time and again that a calorie is indeed a calorie are no substitute for free-living studies with questionable accountability, or especially the "real world" example of a skinny dude running fatloss bootcamps where we have only his word that he even did what he claims, and he can't even be bothered to verify what his weight maintaining caloric intake is to begin with.
But what did Sam's Jokesperiment show us? That you supposedly can't gain when eating more expensive food that does nothing to fuel your body whatever the mechanism? Think about it. The Eades MADieters would have you believe that you just "waste" excess fat calories, it's only the dastardly carbs that will fatten you. The problem with this is that while obesity is generally undesired, the ability to store fat is not. It is desired for metabolic health, and perhaps more importantly it is desired not only for individual survival during sparse times, but also the survival of the species. So there's something especially wasteful about promoting a diet whereby adherents would have to eat more to maintain their bodies. This was claimed by Peter Attia during his ketogenic experiments -- if memory serves he claimed to consume 1000 cal/day more in NuttyK than with his usual diet, and even his generally lower carb diet. It is claimed again and again. It is now claimed by Sam. Oh such wonderful bragging rights! Well ...
there’s something sick and environmentally unfriendly in eating fats unnecessarily just to poop them out
Oh wait, that wasn't me ... or Andreas ... what he said recently was:
there’s something sick and environmentally unfriendly in eating carbs unnecessarily just to pee them out {emphasis his}
He said this in a post about a new diabetes drug: Low-Carb Diet in a Pill – A Good Idea? I will definitely be blogging about that drug, or more specifically how it fits in with the hyperglycemia in diabetes and treatments, but the post was already appalling before I reached that closing salvo. The drug he was discussing, Forxiga, apparently works quite well -- in conjunction with metformin -- to control blood sugars in diabetics by lowering the threshold for glucosuria. Essentially, by inhibiting reuptake of glucose in the kidneys, subjects lose about 250 cal/day or 70g of glucose in their urine which is one of the mechanisms by which untreated type 1's have difficulty maintaining weight. Over the course of several months there was some weight loss, but more importantly improvements in HbA1c. Again, I'll discuss this, but physiologically this is NOT LC in a pill, that would be acarbose. Acarbose is to LC what orlistat is to LF.
Is Eenfeldt really passing judgment on diabetics that might choose to use acarbose to assist them in maintaining blood sugars while enjoying their life? (Heck too much would be unpleasant enough "punishment" for their "sick behavior" anyway. Right? ) But back to Forxiga, this is not like eating LC ... they eat carbs and have the insulin spikes and all that. They simply urinate out some of the excess glucose their livers manufacture.
But far be it for diet doc to ever miss an opportunity to pass judgment on diabetics that don't care about their health because they insist on eating carbohydrates. Said carbs that he thinks are making or keeping them fat and diabetic, and without which all would be right in the world. This is his worldview. It appears to be Wheat Belly's too. And so many other low carbers and advocates. I don't know which is worse, those like Andreas that have never known and likely will never know a need to alter their diet to be lean, or the many that are themselves overweight or obese or not all that healthy after all.
I don't get this. It would make a bit more sense if LC really did lead to miraculous weight loss and maintenance. It does not. It would make a bit more sense if LC really did cure diabetes. It does not. But that doesn't stop the Diet Doc from repeating ad nauseam that it does and peering down his nose at those who don't comply with his simplistic solutions
I suppose it is too much to ask that someone who should be concerned for his patients overall welfare, might actually care for them as a person or consider all the other myriad factors -- both within and outside their control -- that have culminated in their current obesity and/or disease. At least not voice their disdain so publicly even if not always overtly. I don't know ... if for no other reason ... just in case a real life patient happened to stumble across his blog and discover what he really thinks of them.
It really makes me sick, and I needed to rant about it.
Comments
Participants who ate a larger breakfast -- which included a dessert item such as a piece of chocolate cake or a cookie -- also had significantly lower levels of insulin, glucose, and triglycerides throughout the day, translating into a lower risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, and high cholesterol. These results, published recently in the journal Obesity, indicate that proper meal timing can make an important contribution towards managing obesity and promoting an overall healthy lifestyle.
The study was done in collaboration with Dr. Julio Wainstein of TAU and the Wolfson Medical Center and Dr. Maayan Barnea and Prof. Oren Froy at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
To determine the impact of meal timing on weight loss and health, Prof. Jakubowicz and her fellow researchers conducted a study in which 93 obese women were randomly assigned to one of two isocaloric groups. Each consumed a moderate-carbohydrate, moderate-fat diet totalling 1,400 calories daily for a period of 12 weeks. The first group consumed 700 calories at breakfast, 500 at lunch, and 200 at dinner. The second group
ate a 200 calorie breakfast, 500 calorie lunch, and 700 calorie dinner. The 700 calorie breakfast and dinner included the same foods.
By the end of the study, participants in the "big breakfast" group had lost an average of 17.8 pounds each and three inches off their waist line, compared to a 7.3 pound and 1.4 inch loss for participants in the "big dinner" group. According to Prof. Jakubowicz, those in the big breakfast group were found to have significantly lower levels of the hunger-regulating hormone ghrelin, an indication that they were more satiated and had less desire for snacking later in the day than their counterparts in the big dinner group.
The big breakfast group also showed a more significant decrease in insulin, glucose, and triglyceride levels than those in the big dinner group. More important, they did not experience the high spikes in blood glucose levels that typically occur after a meal. Peaks in blood sugar levels are considered even more harmful than sustained high blood
glucose levels, leading to high blood pressure and greater strain on the heart.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120207133750.htm
When it comes to diets, cookies and cake are off the menu. Now, in a surprising discovery, researchers from Tel Aviv University have found that dessert, as part of a balanced 600-calorie breakfast that also includes proteins and carbohydrates, can help dieters to lose more weight -- and keep it off in the long run.
One hundred and ninety three clinically obese, non-diabetic adults were randomly assigned to one of two diet groups with identical caloric intake -- the men consumed 1600 calories per day and the women 1400. However, the first group was given a low carbohydrate diet including a small 300 calorie breakfast, and the second was given a 600 calorie breakfast high in protein and carbohydrates, always including a dessert
item (i.e. chocolate).
Halfway through the study, participants in both groups had lost an average of 33 lbs. per person. But in the second half of the study, results differed drastically. The participants in the low-carbohydrate group regained an average of 22 lbs. per person, but participants in the group with a larger breakfast lost another 15 lbs. each. At the end of the 32 weeks, those who had consumed a 600 calorie breakfast had lost an average of 40 lbs. more per person than their peers.
Though they consumed the same daily amount of calories, "the participants in the low carbohydrate diet group had less satisfaction, and felt that they were not full," she says,noting that their cravings for sugars and carbohydrates were more intense and eventually caused them to cheat on the diet plan. "But the group that consumed a bigger
breakfast, including dessert, experienced few if any cravings for these foods later in the day."
I also think the record is pretty clear as to the long term success and healthfulness of very low fat diets. This is what most traditional cultures consumed and we're talking fat in the 10-20% range. We eat 2-3X that
Lastly I believe if we structure our diets around real whole foods, that some "bad" foods here and there are not going to negatively impact health. It's not like radioactivity building up a little bit every time we "sin".
Hope that helps.
http://www.kostdoktorn.se/carl-von-linne-talar-ut
Eenfeldt is quote mining Linnaeus as saying that grains are fattening, evidently unaware of the fact that Linnaeus thought human beings were frugivores whose natural foods were raw fruits and vegetables.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/wondermonkey/2012/02/super-predatory-humans.shtml
The Diet Doctor tells people that fruit should be eaten in strict moderation and that berries should be eaten with whipped cream (what?).
http://www.dietdoctor.com/lchf
Thank you for your kind attention.
Regarding the "no, we did not say LCHF is always best" article I agree completely and I posted on it on my Swedish blog:
http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=sv&sl=sv&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kostdoktorn.se%2Flchf-inte-nodvandigtvis-alltid-bast
Regarding people with weight issues and metabolic health problems I'm doing the best I can to help.
I think if we all spent less time ranting and more time helping the world would be a better place for it.
Best,
Andreas
The Swedish National Food Agency (Livsmedelsverket) recently expanded their recommendations of fat intake from 25-35 E% to 25-40 E%. Why? Because the council for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations came to the same conclusion that SBU did. When presenting the new recommendations, one of the scientist, Ursula Schwab, simply stated Low-fat diets are not good for you. From http://ow.ly/pPfsg:
At total fat intakes below 20 E%, it is difficult to ensure sufficient intake of fat-soluble vitamins and essential fatty acids. A reduction of total fat intake below 25 E% is not generally recommended because very low-fat diets tend to reduce HDL-cholesterol and increase triglyceride concentrations in serum and to impair glucose tolerance, particularly in susceptible individuals.
From the 70's the recommended limit of fat intake have gone from 40 > 35 > 30 > 35 > 40 E%. So we are now back where we started. The authority now saying that low fat is "not good for you" is the same that have been promoting low fat for 40 years. So they are biased against fat.
Your recommendation of 10-20 E% now contradicts two recent massive reviews by Swedish and Nordic top experts in the field. Reviews of all the science. Time for a reality check?
I am speaking of hundreds of thousands of years of human nutritional history here. Last summer I spent some time looking at the literature on traditional diets of various cultures and it is quite shocking to learn just how low in fat most of these diets were ... as I stated, commonly between 10-20% fat. Why doesn't this bear out in clinical trials? Because often the LF arms are not even LF at at all, and mostly employ processed foods and non-fat dairy.
I don't recommend that fat intake as I don't think that is sustainable for most living in industrial countries, but those facts are what they are. Meanwhile there are no cultures consuming the type of high fat diet low carb diet espoused and promoted by most paleos and low carbers.
It sounds like the "higher fat" Mediterranean diet is coming into favor in Sweden and Norway. This is that diet. http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FPHN%2FPHN7_07%2FS1368980004001193a.pdf&code=4dad2d433f5f3020d563057d88374391
Oh the insulin and lectins!
http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FPHN%2FPHN7_07%2FS1368980004001193a.pdf&code=4dad2d433f5f3020d563057d88374391
Speaking of helping people, however, how does it help to continually misinform people? I don't think that is helpful.
Only because for the longest time human nutrition was (probably) prette low in fat that DOESN'T automatically mean this is the healthiest way to eat.
I think we're all ultimately left with evidence to weigh. I think the evidence in favor of much lower fat than is considered LF is pretty compelling. Certainly doesn't support the claims that it "doesn't work", "causes obesity", or in the words of Diet Doc should be considered criminal advice by this point (paraphrase, but he has used the term criminal).
Sure. A traditional Mediterranean diet, like any traditional diet, has many benefits compared to processed Western junk food.
I share the best information I can. Any possible "misinformation" is of course unintentional and solely based on imperfect knowledge on my part.
There is no prove, not even reasonable hint, that either a LCHF on the one hand or a very low fat diet on the other hand are the healthiest way to eat. If you really want to compare different cultures/diets based on the resulting degree of health and longevity you would most certainly realize that there is actually no really obvious link between the fat or carb content of the diet.
Hell, most of the mediterranian people consume a higher relative amount of fat while the Japanese consume only a fraction of the average US consumption. Nevertheless they both have much lower incidence of diabetes, heart desease and so on and reach a higher level of longevity.
This report was important for two reasons. First, the science supports the idea that LCHF advice is more effective for weight loss, as long as you adhere to the diet. Second, experts could not find any basis for claims about adverse effects on a LCHF diet.
I cannot speak for Dr. Eenfeldt, but my guess is that most of his conviction about the effectiveness of this diet comes from seeing results in his own patients, as well as all the success stories he has received over the years.
Average American is obese - that conflates all ages, doesn't it?
the legendary diet-heart pioneer J.J Groen covered the Beduins of Southern Israel systematically. The fat intake of the Beduins was traditionally ~11%. 90% calories came from Whole-wheat products. The average Beduin consumed 25 slices of wheat-bread per day, some wheat-porridge during the morning time and not much else. Meat was eaten rarely, fish intake was practically zero. Fruits and vegetables were consumed regularly but in modest amounts. The only animal product consumed regularly was goat milk. Carbs accounted for +78% calories. Wheat-based diets have been traditionally consumed by rural Middle-Eastern people and some Jewish groups. The mean serum cholesterol levels of the Beduins was 155mg/dl (maintained consistently throughout the life), CHD and chronic disease was virtually non-existent, even obesity, even though Beduin women were very inactive, spending most of their time dwelling inside their desert tents.
http://healthylongevity.blogspot.fi/2013/08/asian-paradox-low-carb-diets.html
The intake of fat among Okinawa people accounted for 6% of calories in 1950s (see table 1). Carbohydrates 85% calories.
http://www.okicent.org/docs/anyas_cr_diet_2007_1114_434s.pdf
The thing about the fat is that many people get the feeling I'm a fat-phobe or low fat advocate per se. If anything I would have loved the literature (of all sorts) to support eating a high fat diet, but it pretty much simply does not seem to be the case ... with olive oil apparently being an exception. And it seems to be more problematic when fat stores are excessive.
But just today DD posted yet again using Sam Feltham's nonsense with the headline something about LF making you fatter. Yeah right, almost 150g fat and almost 6000 cals ... that's just like eating a low fat diet normally ... even a 30% fat diet.
I'm not saying you have to eat one or the other, I AM saying that there are billions of humans doing the LFHC thing and almost none doing LCHF. We do know the average outcome on LFHC, we do not with LCHF.
As for the Mediterranean diet, this may point to the sat fat.
Almost to a one, the cultures that have fared poorly when introduced to "Western foods" have added more fat that usually comes along with calories. But the Thai replaced carb with fat and have seen health decline despite a modest decrease in cals (likely activity related).
I'm not saying folks need to be LF, but this nonsense that it doesn't work or is even harmful is absurd. LF in most studies is not really much different from the usual diet.
http://carbsanity.blogspot.com/2012/05/lc-v-lf-diet-comparison-study-shows.html
http://carbsanity.blogspot.com/2012/05/more-on-latest-lclf-diet-comparison.html
As to success stories,there are a few, just as there are for many other diets.
I fail to see where many that promote LF -- like McDougal, Fuhrman and others are promoting refined garbage foods.
.
Cereals and bread are part of the Mediterranean diet that has a proven track record and is far lower in fat than the unproven macro ratio of fat you promote.
Population evidence actually leans towards one extreme. Med diets are lowish fat by mainstream practice standards.The often discussed Okinawan diet is even lower (very much VLF even by those extreme vegan standards). The common denominator between both is whole foods to quite a degree. Under such context, this is certainly not the feather-in-the-cap or gold medal moment for the animal-product phobic, VLF vegan movement, but it definitely allows them to take home the bronze and edge out against their HFLC competition in the same regard.
On the other hand, carbohydrate restriction has worked out splendidly for many people, but this seems to be a very distinct and small margin of individuals with actual metabolic issues.
Yeah, perhaps it's got nothing to do with either macro. Problem is that then we can just pack in the whole discussion. None of it matters or can be criticised or brushed aside, not even HFLC or VLF. With the latest wave of genetic testing that's become such a trend (23andme, etc.) even less of the 'truth in the middle' argument applies as everyone now feels a need to construct a carefully tailored diet to suit their personal profile and risk factors.
Keys studied the Southern Italian peasants, and their fat intake accounted for ~20% of calories, which is considered pretty low-fat. The diet was also highly wheat-based.
This is what Keys reported from Napoli of the 1950s (see the second link by Marion Nestle):
“homemade minesterone….pasta in endless variety…served with tomato sauce and sprinkle of cheese, only occasionally enriched with some bits of meat, or served with a little local seafood…a hearty dish of beans and short lenghts of macaroni…lots of bread never more than a few hours from the oven and never served with any kind of spread; great quantaties of fresh vegatables, a modest portion of meat or fish maybe twice a week…wine of the type we used to call “Dago red”…always fresh fruit for desert”.
The Rockefeller institute ran a huge epidemiological research into Crete in 1949. Only 7% of calories came from animal sources (cheese, yogurt), very little fish was consumed. Starch provided theb bulk of the calories. Out of the mediterranian cuisine, I've understood that only the traditional Creten diet was higher in fat. Eastern mediterranians and Southern Italians consumed a diet much lower in fat.
http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/61/6/1321S.full.pdf
http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/61/6/1313S.full.pdf
Yorke-Davies recommended that Taft try the following diet:
8 a.m. A tumbler of hot water with lemon, sipped slowly.
9 a.m. Breakfast: unsweetened tea or coffee, "two or three Gluten biscuits," and 6 ounces of lean grilled meat.
12:30 p.m.
Lunch: 4 ounces of lean meat, 4 ounces of cooked green vegetables without butter, 3 ounces of baked or stewed unsweetened fruit, 1 gluten biscuit, and 1 of the recommended "sugarless" wines. Afternoon cup of tea, coffee, or beef tea without milk or sugar advised.
7-8 p.m.,
Dinner: clear soup, 4 ounces of fish, 5 ounces of meat, 8 ounces of vegetables, and 4 ounces of stewed fruit. Plain salad and 2 gluten biscuits, if desired. A list of vegetables and condiments were recommended for variation.
http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/10/14/president-taft-low-carb-diet/2962131/
Taft dropped from 314 pounds in December 1905 to 255 pounds in April 1906 during the first course of treatment. His weight-loss plan "seems quite similar to what we would call a low-carb diet, but people didn't even talk about carbs at that time," Levine says.
The diet was roughly 2,000 to 2,100 calories a day with about 30% of the calories coming from carbohydrates; 30% from protein and about 40% from fat, says Catherine Champagne, professor of dietary assessment at the Pennington Biomedical Research Center in Baton Rouge. She wasn't involved in writing this article but did a nutrient analysis of the diet for USA TODAY.
Taft would have needed about 3,600 calories a day to maintain his heavier weight so this diet would have cut out 1,500 to 1,600 calories a day, and his weight loss on that plan is what you'd expect, says obesity researcher Donna Ryan, professor emeritus at the
Pennington Biomedical Research Center.
IMHO - This ISN'T a low carb diet!
Also - In fact, by the time, Taft was inaugurated as president in 1909, his weight was much higher (354 pounds) than his starting weight on the diet (314 pounds), Levine says. She says she doesn't know what eating habits led to the weight regain.
would you still have some of your notes on this? Very interesting!
Perhaps if I get time I can compile links to all of the papers.
Notice how much smaller the Hadza are.
We are all victims to confirmation bias, unfortunately, this means it is really difficult to get an objective assessment of what the available body of knowledge about these hundreds of thousands of years of human nutritional history really is.
My guess: whatever was seasonally available in natural and cooked form, prioritized by what tastes best (which likely correlates strongly with energy density). So when fatty animal foods were available, you would have probably given preference to those. When not, you would have gathered what was available. You had seasonal variation, so would consume more during certain periods and less during others. Animals were fatter during summer, very lean during winter. You would probably build food reserves in fall to get through longer periods of lower food availability during winter. Storability of fattier foods and some starchy foods makes them great reserves. Other foods were fermented or otherwise prepared to last over a longer winter. And you had some fortunate regions in which pretty much all plant and animal foods were available in similar ways throughout the entire year due to climate.
In the end, it probably resulted in humans consuming a broad variety of plant and animal foods, while isolated periods of "extremes" over the yearly cycle were not uncommon. During such periods, diet was possibly based on only few limited foods or macronutrients. But as soon as a broader variety became available, variety increased with availability. As societies emerged, the economic element (rich/poor) also influenced availability of foods. Cultural aspects will have strongly influenced food preferences (religion, etc.).
Based on all this, it's difficult to understand how/why we would have developed an inherent intolerance to one specific macronutrient. We evolved to tolerate a great variety of plant and animal foods, the keyword being variety - which is based on availability. It is probably reasonable to assume we have no inherent intolerance for a specific macronutrient in the context of a diet based on broad variations of natural plant and animal foods. Isolated extreme periods are unlikely to do much harm. Chronic extremes, however, may be a different story.
Interesting to ponder over… Love to read any data/links you find.
Cheers,
Martin
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